Comparison of the absorbed dose of target organs in conventional and digital lateral cephalometric radiography

Due to the widespread use of lateral cephalometric radiography especially in orthodontic therapy and orthognathic surgery, obtaining radiographs of high quality with the least amount of radiation exposure is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to compare the absorbed dose of head and neck target organs in conventional and digital lateral cephalometric radiography. In this experimental study, RANDO phantom was used for absorbed dose estimation in thyroid, parotid, pituitary and submandibular glands, bone marrow and ocular lens. The phantom was exposed 60 times: 30 times with CRANEX Tome, Soredex and 30 times with CRANEX D, Soredex with standard exposure settings. TLD [GR-200] dosimeters were used to measure organ doses. A total of 69 TLDs were used with 9 TLDs for background radiation. T-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean absorbed dose of target organs was 0.04 +/- 0.005 mSv for conventional and 0.01 +/- 0.002 mSv for digital technique. The difference in absorbed dose in all target organs except for the thyroid gland [P=0.08] between the two techniques of conventional and digital was statistically significant. [P=0.01] $ Use of digital lateral cephalometric system causes a significant reduction in absorbed dose compared to the conventional film-screen system

Cerebritis and neutropenia in a child with ANA negative lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], an autoimmune systemic disease with unknown etiology, affects virtually every part of the body; involvement of the central nervous system [CNS] is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] patients and is the least understood aspect of the disease. Neutropenia is very uncommon in childhood lupus. True negative anti nuclear antibody [ANA] tests in patients with lupus are now very rare. The patient reported here was a 12-year-old girl with ANA negative lupus cerebritis who presented with left hemiparesia after a generalized seizure, with neutropenia observed during its course

[Pathologic findings in sinonasal polyposis and predisposing factors]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathologic findings in patients with sinonasal polyposis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and to assess the relationship between these findings and the predisposing factors of polyposis. This prospective study was conducted from March 2004 to November 2006 among 30 patients. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery after a detailed history and physical examination. The biopsy specimen were evaluated in two groups of eosinophilic and neutrophilic polyposis; then pathologic findings were compared with other findings. Overall, 20 patients [66.67%] were male and 10 [23.33%] were female. The highest frequency was seen in the 50-60-year age group. Allergic rhinitis and septal deviation were the most co-existing conditions. Eosinophilic polyposis was more prevalent than neutrophilic polyposis [18% vs. 12%, respectively, p=0. 04]. Eosinophilic polyposis was more common than neutrophilic type. Males are more frequently affected than females. Allergic diseases and nasal structural abnormalities were the most important factors associated with nasal polyposis

[Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome: a case report]

The most common congenital defect involving the face and jaws is cleft lip and palate. Exactly where they appear is determined by the locations at which fusion of the various facial processes failed to occur. The lip or the lip and palate together fail to close in approximately 1-1.5 in every 1,000 babies born. The presence of cleft lip and palate raises suspiscion to cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome especially when accompanied by anophthalmia, mental retardation and hypoplasia of nares. In this article, one case of a 4-year-old boy with cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome who had anophthalmia, median cleft lip and palate, a CNS defect and mental retardation has been reported. Discussion and Coclusion: Although anophthalmia is a rare congenital defect, its presence raises suspiscion to cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome especially when accompanied by cleft lip and palate, mental retardation and hypoplasia of nares. Therefore, we can conclude that in patients with cleft of upper lip, hypoplasia of nares and anophthalmia, cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome, must be considered. Since these abnormalities are also seen in Fraser syndrome the absence of digital and renal defects differentiates cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome